Allahabad is administered by several government agencies. The Allahabad Nagar Nigam (ANN), also called Allahabad Municipal Corporation (AMC), oversees and manages the civic infrastructure of the city. The corporation came into existence in 1864, when Lucknow Municipal Act was passed by the Government of India. City municipal area is divided into 80 wards, and a member (the Corporator) from each ward is elected to form the Municipal Committee. The Corporators elect the Mayor of city. The chief executive is the Commissioner of Allahabad, who is appointed by the state government. Allahabad’s rapid growth has created problems relating to traffic congestion and infrastructural obsolescence that the Allahabad Nagar Nigam has found challenging to address. The unplanned nature of growth in the city has resulted in massive traffic gridlocks, which the municipality attempted to ease by constructing a flyover system and by imposing one-way traffic systems.
Cricket and field hockey are the most popular sports in Allahabad. The most played sports in the rural areas near the city are Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, Gilli Danda and Akhada wrestling. The game of gully cricket also known as street cricket is popular among the youth in the city. Children as well as teenagers play the game of cricket in alleys and lanes. There are several sports complexes that can be used by both amateurs and professionals. These include the Madan Mohan Malviya Cricket stadium, Amitabh Bachchan Sports Complex and the Boys’ High School & College Gymnasium. There is an International level swimming complex at Georgetown. National Sports Academy in Jhalwa (Allahabad west) which produces world class gymnasts, the academy had been chosen as the flagbearer of Indian Gymnastic in Commonwealth games. In Allahabad every year Indira Marathon is organised; it began in 1985–86 in memory of late prime minister Indira Gandhi.
The Doaba region, including Allahabad, was controlled by several empires and dynasties in the ages to come. The area became a part of the Mauryan and Gupta empires of the east and the Kushan empire of the west before becoming part of the local Kannauj empire in 15th century. The city was the scene of Maratha incursions before colonial rule was imposed over India. In 1765, the British established a garrison at Allahabad fort. It is also known as the “Prime minister Capital of the India,” the importance of the government to the city has led seven out of fourteen Prime Ministers of India. Prayag became a part of the Delhi sultanate when the town was annexed by Mohammad Ghori in A.D. 1193. Later, the Mughals took over from the slave rulers of Delhi and under them Prayag rose to prominence. Akbar built a magnificent fort (viz. Allahabad fort), on the banks of the holy sangam and rechristened the town as Illahabad in 1575.
Buses operated by Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC) are an important means of public transport available in the city. Besides these, National Highway 2 runs through the middle of the city. India’s primus cable-stayed bridge The New Yamuna Bridge, erected between 2001 and 2004, is located in Allahabad and connects the city of Allahabad to its suburb Naini next to the banks of the Yamuna River. The Old Naini Bridge now accommodates railway and car traffic. Road bridges on the Ganges and Yamuna rivers have been built to connect Allahabad with its suburbs, including Naini and Jhusi. Under centre/state partnership(JNNURM) more than 100 low floor buses are running.Most of them are running on two routes 1.Trivenipuram(Jhunsi) to Manauri Airforce 2.Raymond Gate(Naini) to Shantipuram(Phaphamau).
The Allahabad education system has remained distinct from that of the rest of state’s other cities, with a characteristic emphasis on a broad education. Allahabad’s schools are run by the state government and by private organisations, many of which are religious. English is the medium of instructions in most private schools, while government schools and colleges offer both Hindi and English medium education. Urdu is also used. Schools in Allahabad follow the 10+2+3 plan. After completing their secondary education, students typically enroll in schools that have a higher secondary facility and are affiliated with the Uttar Pradesh Board of High School and Intermediate Education, the ICSE, or the CBSE. They usually choose a focus on liberal arts, business, or science. Vocational programs are also available.
Allahabad Junction is one of the main railway junctions of northern India. It is the headquarters of the North Central Railway Zone. The four prominent railway stations of Allahabad are Prayag Station, City Station at Rambagh, Daraganj Station and Allahabad Station. It is connected to most cities in Uttar Pradesh as well as all major cities of India such as Kolkata, New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, Indore, Bhopal, Lucknow and Jaipur. Three-wheeled yellow and black auto-rickshaws, referred to as vikram, are a popular form of transport. They are metered and can accommodate at least six passengers. Taxis, commonly called City Taxis, are usually available only on call. Taxis are metered and are generally more expensive than auto-rickshaws. Tempos are the cheapest mode of travelling in Allahabad.
Allahabad was originally founded as Kaushambi (now a separate district) by the Kuru rulers of Hastinapur, who developed it as their capital. Since then, Allahabad has often being the political/cultural/administrative head of the entire Doab area and beyond. First as Kaushambi, then as Prathisthanpur. Later, the Mughal emperor Akbar renamed Prayag as Allahabad and made it a prominent administrative centre again. As a large and growing city, Allahabad is home to colleges and research institutions. Government offices of both central and state government lie within the city. Allahabad has hosted cultural and sporting events, including Kumbh Mela and Indira Marathon. Although Allahabad’s economy was built on tourism, its main revenue now comes from real estate and financial services.
Among Allahabad’s widely circulated Hindi-language newspapers are Dainik Jagran, Amar Ujala, Dainik Bhaskar, Nai Dunia, Hindustan Dainik, Aj, and Rajasthan Patrika. The Leader and The Pioneer are two major English-language newspapers that are produced and published from Allahabad. Other popular English-language newspapers published and sold in Allahabad include The Times of India, Hindustan Times, The Hindu, The Indian Express, and the Asian Age. Prominent financial dailies like The Economic Times, Financial Express, Business Line, Rashtriya Sahara and Business Standard are widely circulated. Vernacular newspapers, such as those in the Urdu, Gujarati and Punjabi lanuages, are read by minorities.
The Ganga-Jamuna Doab, of which Allahabad is a part, lies on the western part of the Great Indo-Gangetic Plain region. The Doab, including the Terai, is responsible for the city’s unique flora and fauna. Since human arrival, almost half of the country’s vertebrates have become extinct. Others are endangered or have had their range severely reduced. The arrival of humans, with associated changes to habitat and the introduction of reptiles, snakes and other mammals, led to the extinction of bird species, including large birds like eagles. Allahabad Museum, one four national museums in India, has undertaken an exercise to document the existing flora and fauna in the Ganga and Yamuna river belt.
The city’s original name—Prayaga, or “place of sacrifice”, comes from its position at the sacred union of the rivers Ganges, Yamuna and Saraswati. It is the second-oldest city in India and plays a central role in the Hindu scriptures. The city contains many temples and palaces. Allahabad is located in the southern part of Uttar Pradesh. It is bounded by Pratapgarh in the north, Bhadohi in the east, Rewa in the south and Kaushambi in the west. Its area is 63.07 km2 (24.35 sq mi). Allahabad contains many suburbs. While the city and surroundings are governed by several municipalities, a large portion of Allahabad District is governed by the Allahabad City Council. The demonym of Allahabad is Allahabadi.
The city was known earlier as Prayaga – a name that is still commonly used. Prayaga existed during the Vedic period, and is mentioned in the Veda as the location where Brahma, the Creator of the Universe according to Hindu mythology, attended a sacrificial ritual. Excavations have revealed Northern Black Polished Ware that dates to 600–700 BCE. The Puranas record that Yayati left Prayag and conquered the region of Saptha Sindhu. His five sons Yadu, Druhyu, Puru, Anu and Turvashu became the main tribes of the Rigveda. Lord Rama, the main protagonist in the Ramayana, spent time at the Ashram of Sage Bharadwaj before proceeding to nearby Chitrakoot.
Rains brought either by the Bay of Bengal branch of the south-west summer monsoon or by the Arabian Sea from the Arabian Sea branch lash Allahabad between June and September, supplying it with most of its annual rainfall of 1,027 mm (40 in). The highest monthly rainfall total, 296 mm (12 in), occurs in August. The month with the wettest weather is August when on balance 333 mm (13 in) of rain, sleet, hail or snow falls across 21 days; while driest weather is April when on balance 5 mm (0 in) of rain, sleet, hail or snow falls across one day. The city receives 2961 hours of sunshine per year, with maximum sunlight exposure occurring in May.
As of 2012, the Samajwadi Party controls the AMC. The city has an apolitical titular ruler, who presides over city-related functions and conferences. As the seat of the Government of Uttar Pradesh, Allahabad is home to the offices of the local governing agencies, and the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly: the state secretariat, which is situated in the premises of Allahabad High Court. The Allahabad Police, headed by a police commissioner, is overseen by the Uttar Pradesh Ministry of Home Affairs. The Allahabad district elects two representatives to India’s lower house, the Lok Sabha, and 12 representatives to the state legislative assembly.
The main industries of Allahabad are tourism, fishing and agriculture. Allahabad city is the largest commercial center in the state; it also has the second-highest per capita income and the third greatest GDP in the state (following Kanpur). It is a prominent industrial town, with 58 large industrial units, and more than 3,000 small scale industries. The Third All India Census for Small Scale Industries shows that there are more than 10,000 unregistered small-scale industry units in the city.
The 2011 census reported 1,216,719 Allahabad Statistical Division. Provisional data suggest a density of 1,087 people per km2 in 2011, compared to 901 in 2001. Native people from Uttar Pradesh form the majority of Allahabad’s population. According to the 2001 census, 75% of the population is Hindu,23% of the population is Muslim 1.8% Jain, and 0.20% Sikh. The remainder of the population includes Buddhists, and other religions; 0.48% did not state a religion in the census.
Though Hindu women traditionally wear the sari, the shalwar kameez and Western attire is gaining acceptance among younger women. Western-style dress has greater acceptance among men, although the traditional dhoti and kurta are seen during festivals. Diwali (celebrated between mid-October and mid-December) and Rama Navami are the two most popular festivals in Uttar Pradesh. Sherwani is a more formal male dress and is frequently worn along with chooridar on festive occasions.
All India Radio, the national state-owned radio broadcaster, airs AM radio stations in the city. Allahabad has five local radio stations broadcasting on FM, including two from AIR. Other regional channels are accessible via cable subscription, direct-broadcast satellite services, or internet-based television. Allahabad has one Doordarshan centre as well.Cable TV Digitalization is necessary for Allahabadis from March 2013.
Hindi, the official state language, is the dominant language in Allahabad. English is also used, particularly by the white-collar workforce. Urdu is spoken by a sizeable minority. The dialect of Hindi spoken in Allahabad is Awadhi, although Khariboli is more common in the city. In the eastern, non-Doabi, part of Allahabad district, Awadhi dialect is more common. Bengali and Punjabi are also spoken in some quarters.
The name is derived from the one given to the city by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1583. The name in Indian languages generally is Ilahabad ; ilah being Arabic for “Lord” or “God (Allah)” and -abad is Persian for “to construct or to create”, which explains the meaning of the name Illahabad as “God’s creation” or “City of God”
The most common birds found in the state are doves, peacocks, junglefowl, black partridge, house sparrows, songbirds, blue jays, parakeets, quails, bulbuls, and comb ducks. Other animals in the state include reptiles such as lizards, cobras, kraits, and gharials. During winter, large numbers of Siberian birds are reported in sangam and nearby wetlands.
Allahabad’s literacy rate of 74.41% is close to the all-India average of 74%. This rate is the highest in the region. The male literacy rate is 85.00%, while the female literacy rate is 62.67%. Among 35 major cities in India, Allahabad reported the greatest number of violations of Special & Local Laws to the National Crime Records Bureau.
When the Aryans first settled in what they termed the Aryavarta (or Madhyadesha), Prayag (or Kaushambi) was an important part of their territory. The Kuru Kingdom, rulers of Hastinapur (near present day Delhi), established the town of Kaushambi near Prayag. They shifted their capital to Kaushambi when Hastinapur was destroyed by floods.
Allahabad is served by Allahabad Airport (IATA: IXD, ICAO: VIAL) which began operations in February 1966. The airport is 12 km from the city centre. Air India and Spice Jet connect Allahabad to Delhi. The most hassle-free way to commute is by taxi. Other airports nearby are in Varanasi, Lucknow and Kanpur.
Allahabad has 3 major suburbs mainly Naini,Jhunsi and Phaphamau. Naini comes in Baghelkhand region and Jhunsi comes in Poorvanchal while Phaphamau comes in Awadh region. Allahabad is connected through 3 bridges to its suburbs.
Allahabad host the largest religious gathering in the world known as Maha Kumbh Mela which is celebrated every twelve years and Ardh (half) Kumbh Mela is celebrated every six years.
Allahabad has been divided into several blocks within Tehsils. As of 2011, there are 20 blocks under 8 tehsils in the Allahabad city. The 8 tehsils of Allahabad are as follows:
There are demands that the name be changed to Prayag or Prayagraj, mainly from Hindu nationalist groups.
Allahabad High Court is the fourth oldest high court of India and one of the biggest
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