Howrah or Haora is an industrial city, a municipal corporation in the Howrah district, West Bengal, India. It is the second largest city of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the district, and also the headquarters of the Howrah Sadar subdivision of the district. Located on the west bank of the Hoogli River, it is a twin city to Kolkata. Howrah is the second smallest district after Kolkata. The two cities are connected by four bridges on the river Ganges, these being the Howrah Bridge (also known as Rabindra Setu), the Vidyasagar Setu (also known as the second Hooghly Bridge), the Vivekananda Setu (also known as Bally Bridge), the Nivedita Setu (also known as Second Vivekananda Setu and ferry services between various jetties in the two cities.
Howrah Municipality was established in 1862. From 1896, it started supplying filter water across the city. During 1882-83, Bally Municipality was formed separating it out from Howrah. As per the Howrah Municipal Corporation Act of 1980, Howrah became a municipal corporation, in 1984. The corporation area is divided into fifty wards, each of which elects a councillor. The Mayor-in-council, which is led by Mayor and supported by Commissioner and officers, is responsible for administration of the corporation area. Currently,the CPI(M)-led Left Front is controlling the municipal board. The Howrah Police Commissionerate is responsible for law enforcement in the city.
Howrah Station serves as a terminal for two railway zones of India: the Eastern Railway and the South Eastern Railway. There are six other railway stations with the city, including the railway junction at Santragachhi and the terminal at Shalimar Station—all the six are part of the South Eastern Railway network. Two national highways—NH 2 and NH 6—are connected to Vidyasagar Setu via Kona Expressway. One endpoint of the Grand Trunk Road is at the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden here, where the Great Banyan tree stands. Bengal Engineering & Science University, over 150 years old, is a prestigious engineering university located in the city.
History of Howrah City dates back to 500 years. But, the district has thousands of years of rich heritage in the form of the great Bengali kingdom of Bhurshut. Venetian explorer Cesare Federici, who travelled in India during 1565–79, mentioned a place called Buttor in his journal circa 1578. As per his description, this was the place up to which large ships could travel (in the Hoogli River) and so, it was the dock for loading and unloading goods for those ships. This place is identifiable with the modern day neighbourhood Bator of Howrah. Bator was also mentioned in the Bengali poetry Manasamangal written by Bipradas Pipilai in 1495.
It was considered that more than 500 years aged ancestral zamindari house of “Dutta Chaudhury” is totally obliterated now,one cannot even find any fragment of it.But they are celebrating their more than 500 years old Durga Puja still now in their Thakur Dalan.But the magnificent Zamindari House (Bari/Bati) of “Kundu Chaudhury” can still be seen today.They were given the charge of the regions of Daner Sk Lane and few parts of Howrah (main) city along with Mauri.And the palace or “Rajar bari” of the Rajas can also be seen today,which has now become a historical site of Andul.
Hooghli River flows between the twin cities of Howrah and Kolkata. Howrah Bridge (Rabindra Setu), a cantilever bridge with one endpoint next to Howrah station, and Vidyasagar Setu, a cable-stayed bridge with one endpoint near Shalimar station, connect the two cities. Both the bridges are counted among the longest ones in the world within their types. Also, between various jetties in Howrah and Kolkata, there are ferry services available, which was introduced in 1970s. The jetties on Howrah side are at Howrah Station, Ramkrishnapur, Shibpur, Shalimar and Nazirganj.
Burn Standard Company (BSCL, established in 1781), a major company in heavy engineering industry, which is now part of Bharat Bhari Udyog Nigam Limited (BBUNL), has its oldest manufacturing unit located in Howrah. In 1823, Bishop Reginald Heber described Howrah as the place “chiefly inhabited by shipbuilders”. The Howrah plant of Shalimar Paints (established in 1902) was the first large-scale paint manufacturing plant to be set up not only in India but in entire South East Asia.
Don Bosco Liluah (established in 1937), in the northern part of the town, is one of the best schools in India. With a rich heritage of excellent academic results, extra-curricular performances of quality, sporting achievements among others, the school has been awarded The Telegraph Best School Award, numerous times, and is among only four schools to have been inducted into the Hall of Fame. This prestigious institution celebrates their Platinum Jubilee in December, 2012.
Shibpur is a neighbourhood in south Howrah, near Vidyasagar Setu. Through the centuries it has been synonymous with the Great Banyan tree. The Great Banyan Tree boasts of having the largest canopy in the world. It continues to grow and covers many city blocks and looks like a forest all by itself. The British established the Indian Botanical Gardens in 1786 between the Great Banyan Tree and the Hoogly River. Here there is one end of the Grand Trunk Road.
By 1914 almost every major city in India was served by the Railways and the increased demand for its rolling stocks and repair works resulted in the establishment of railway workshop in Howrah. The light engineering industry grew up after 1914. This industrial boom continued throughout the second world war and brought with it rapid urbanisation phase in unplanned manner creating slums near the industrial establishments.
The St. Thomas’ Church School, Howrah and St. Aloysius High School Howrah is one of the oldest schools in the city. Jagacha High School, Salkia Vikram Vidyalaya, Vikram Vidyalaya (Branch), St. Agnes’ Convent School, Agrasain Balika Siksha Sadan, M.C. Kejriwal Vidyapeeth, Howrah Zila School, B.E. College Model School, Howrah Vivekananda Institution, etc. are other notable higher secondary schools.
Bengal Engineering and Science University (BESU) (established in 1856) is the second oldest engineering institution in India. It is a prestigious university in West Bengal. The university was ranked 10th among all engineering institutes in India by the magazine “India Today” in 2005. BESU is set to upgrade to be India’s first Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology(IIEST).
Andul,one of the ancient Census townunder the Sadar sub-division in Howrah district,was once acknowledged as one of the most royal and exquisite place in the Howrah district,due to the residences of three zamindar families- Dutta Chaudhury,Kundu Chaudhury and the Rajas (Rai).The total region of Andul including Argori up to Amta belonged to this zamindar family of “Dutta Chaudhury”.
With the establishment of the Howrah Railway Terminus in 1854 started the most important phase of its industrial development. Flour mills were established in 1855, followed by Jute mills and around 1870s, there were five mills near Howrah station. The Howrah–Shalimar Railway Section and the Shalimar Terminus were constructed in 1883.
Located near Santragachi Railway Station, the Santragachhi Jheel is a large lake that attracts migratory birds during winter. Lesser Whistling Duck is the most dominant species visible here. Forest Ministry of the State Government of West Bengal intends to convert the lake to a ‘wildlife conservation centre’.
As of 2001 India census, Howrah had a population of 1,008,704. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Howrah has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 73%. In Howrah, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Howrah’s schools are either run state government or by private institutions. The medium of instruction is Bengali, English or Hindi. Schools are affiliated to the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education, the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) and National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS).
As of 1896 census of British India, Howrah had a population of 84,069, which grew up to 157,594 in 1901 census. This rapid growth was due to abundance of job opportunities, which effected in a 100% increase in male population during this period, whereas the female population grew up only by 60%.
Belur Math is the headquarters of the Ramakrishna Math and Mission, founded by Swami Vivekananda, a chief disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. It is located on the west bank of Hooghly River, Belur, West Bengal, India and is one of the significant institutions in Calcutta.
The name came from the word Haor—Bengali word for a wetland, which is typically a depression where water and mud accumulates. The word itself was rather used in eastern part of Bengal (now Bangladesh), as compared to the western part (now West Bengal).
Often termed as Sheffield of the East, Howrah is known today as an engineering hub, mainly in the area of light engineering industry. There are small engineering firms all over Howrah, particularly around Belilios Road area near Howrah station.
There are other degree colleges such as Bijoy Krishna Girls’ College or Howrah Girl’s College and Narasinha Dutt College. MCKV Institute of Engineering is a private engineering college affiliated to the West Bengal University of Technology.
Avani Riverside Mall is the best example of Howrah’s changing skyline. Visible from across the river Hooghly, it is now the only destination for all who are looking to experience the joy of shopping, eating out and entertainment in Howrah.
Jute industry suffered during the Partition of Bengal (1947), when the larger jute production area became part of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The foundry industry saw a decline in demand due to growth in steel industry.
There is a famous Rama Temple in Ramrajatala area, where Rama is worshiped for 4 months, starting from Rama Navami to the last Sunday of the month of Shravana. A big fair is held every year on the last day of worship.
Spread over a massive 600,000 square feet area, Avani Riverside also hosts multiplex, PVR Cinemas has four Screens with 1186 seats and provides an exceptional digital movie experience to the cine-goers of the city.
Gadiara is a village in Howrah District. This place is the point of convergence of the Damodar, the Rupnarayan and the Hoogli rivers.Gadiara is a popular picnic and daytrip spot for locals and tourists alike.
Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira is an autonomous degree college affiliated to University of Calcutta. It is one of the best institution in West Bengal.
The Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur is the second oldest engineering university in India.
Don Bosco High & Technical School, Liluah is one of the best schools in India.
Today, Howrah is famous for Howrah Station and Howrah Bridge.
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