The Korapuzha river is formed by the confluence of the Agalapuzha with the Punnurpuzha, and it joins the sea at Elathur. The Agalapuzha is more or less a backwater while the Punnurpuzha originates from Arikkankunni. The total length of the river is 40 kilometres (25 mi). Panurpuzha is a tributary of Korapuzha. It passes through the northern boundary of the study area and joins to the sea. The river is perennial.
Kozhikode (Calicut) is a town with a long recorded history. From time immemorial, the city has attracted travelers with its prosperity. It has traded in spices like black pepper and cardamom with Jews, Arabs, Phoenicians, and Chinese for more than 500 years. As Kozhikode (Calicut) offered full freedom and security, the Arab and the Chinese merchants preferred it to all other ports. The globe-trotter Ibn Batuta (A.D. 1342-47) said:
The battles between the Portuguese and the Zamorin continued till 1588 when the Portuguese were allowed to settle down at Calicut. However Kunjali opposed the move. At around this time, Kunjali IV declared himself as the ‘King of the Moors’ and moved away from the Zamorin. The Zamorins now took the help of the Portuguese to destroy the powerful Kunjalis. In 1600, kunjali surrendered and was executed.
The Kozhikode (Calicut) radio station of All India Radio was commissioned on 14 May 1950. It presently has two transmitters: Kozhikode (Calicut) AM (100 kilowatt) and Kozhikode (Calicut) FM (10 kilowatt). Private FM radio stations: Radio Mango 91.9 operated by Malayala Manorama Co. Ltd. and Red FM 93.5 of the SUN Network. AIR FM radio station: Kozhikode (Calicut) – 103.6 MHz; AIR MW radio station: Kozhikode (Calicut) – 684 kHz.
National Highway 17 connects Kozhikode (Calicut) to Mumbai via Mangalore, Udupi and Goa to the north and Kochi to the south along the west coast of India. This highway connects the city with the other important towns like, Kasaragod, Kanhangad, Kannur, Thalassery, Mahe, Vadakara, Quilandy, Kottakkal, Kuttipuram, Ponnani, Guruvayur, Chavakkad, Kodungallur, North Paravur and Edapalli.
In addition to the Malabar Mahotsavam, every year since 1981 the Tyagaraja Aradhana Trust has been conducting a five-day music festival in honour of Sri Tyagaraja. The festival is complete with the Uncchavritti, rendering of Divyanama kritis, Pancharatna Kritis, concerts by professional artistes and students of music from morning to late in the evening.
Kozhikode (Calicut) occupies a prominent position in the history of Malayalam journalism. The origin of journalism in the district can be traced back to 1880. The Kerala Pathrika is likely the earliest newspaper published from Kozhikode (Calicut). Keralam, Kerala Sanchari and Bharath Vilasam are among the other newspapers that were published from Kozhikode (Calicut) pre-1893.
Kozhikode (Calicut) was the capital of Malabar during the time of Zamorins (in Malayalam Samoothiri), who ruled the region before the British took over. The city’s first recorded contact with Europe was when Vasco da Gama landed at Kappad (18 km north) in May 1498, as the leaders of a trade mission from Portugal. He was received by the Zamorin himself.
Dr. Verghese Kurein was the person who played an outstanding role in the development of Amul. He was known as the ‘Father of the white revolution’ in India. He is also called as the ?Milkman of India?. Dr. Varghese was the architect behind the success for the largest dairy development programme in the world., christened as ?Operation Flood?.
The city is administered by the Kozhikode (Calicut) Corporation, headed by a mayor. For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 75 wards, from which the members of the corporation council are elected for five years. Recently neighboring suburbs Beypore, Elathur, Cheruvannur and Nallalam were merged within the municipal corporation.
The University of Calicut the main university named after the city, is in Thenjipalam, about 24 kilometres (15 mi) south of Kozhikode (Calicut), in the district of Malappuram. This university established in 1968 was the second university set up in Kerala. Most of the colleges offering tertiary education are affiliated with this university.
National Highway 213 connects Kozhikode (Calicut) with Palakkad. It covers a distance of 125 kilometres (78 mi). At Ramanattukara, a suburb of Kozhikode (Calicut), it joins NH 17. It also passes through towns like Kondotty, Malappuram, Perinthalmanna, and Mannarkkad. This stretch also connects the city and Calicut International Airport.
The history of railways in Malabar dates back to 1861 when the first tracks were laid between Tirur and Beypore. Today, Kozhikode (Calicut) is well connected by rail to cities like Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Palakkad, Coimbatore, Chennai, Bangalore, Kannur, Mangalore, Mumbai and New Delhi. vijayawada,vishakaptnam,hyderabad
Calicut International Airport is 26 kilometres (16 mi) from the city at Karipur in Malappuram. Regular domestic services are operated to major Indian cities. There are frequent international flights to the Middle eastern air hubs like Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Muscat, Dammam, Riyadh, Jiddah, Sharjah, Bahrain and to Colombo.
The Calicut Medical College was established in 1957 as the second medical college in Kerala. Since then, the institution has grown into a premier center of medical education in the state. Presently it is the largest medical institute in the state with an yearly intake of 250 candidates for the undergraduate program.
The Calicut Press Club came into existence in 1970. It is the nerve centre of all media activities, both print and electronic. Began with around 70 members in the roll, this Press Club, over the years, became a prestigious and alert media center in the state with a present membership of over 280.
National Highway 212 connects Kozhikode (Calicut) with Mysore in Karnataka via Nanjangud, Tirumakudal Narsipur, Gundlupet, Sulthan Bathery, Kalpetta and Thamarassery. This highway also connects the city with the suburbs like Malaparambu, Kunnamangalam and premier institutes like IIM-K, NIT-C, IISR and CWRDM.
According to data compiled by economics research firm Indicus Analytics on residences, earnings and investments, Kozhikode (Calicut) ranked as the second best city in India to reside in. It was ranked eleventh among Tier-II Indian cities in job creation by a study conducted by ASSOCHAM in 2007.
The Italian Niccolò de’ Conti (1445), perhaps the first Christian traveler who noticed Kozhikode (Calicut) describes the city as abounding in pepper, lac, ginger, a larger kind of cinnamon, myrobalans and zedary. He calls it a noble emporium for all India, with a circumference of eight miles (13 km).
According to K.V. Krishna Iyer, the rise of Kozhikode (Calicut) is at once a cause and a consequence of Zamorin’s ascendancy in Kerala. By the end of the century, Zamorin was at the zenith of his powers with all princes and chieftains of Kerala north of Cochin acknowledging his suzerainty.
Telephone services are provided by various players like Airtel, Idea cellular, Vodafone, Reliance Infocomm, Tata Docomo, MTS, Uninor, Tata Indicom and the state owned BSNL and most of them provide 3G services also. The city also has broadband wireless services on WiMAX platform.
Although the city’s official name is Kozhikode (Calicut), in English it is sometimes known by its anglicised version, Calicut. The word Calicut is thought to have been derived from a fine variety of hand-woven cotton cloth that was exported from the port of Kozhikode (Calicut).
The municipality of Kozhikode (Calicut) has an average literacy rate of 96.8% (national average is 74.85%). The male literacy rate is 97.93% and female literacy rate is 95.78%. Malayalam is the most spoken language. Hindi, English and Tamil are widely understood.
Calicut is home to two premier educational institutions of national importance: the Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode (Calicut) (IIMK), and the National Institute of Technology, Calicut (NITC). The NITC and IIMK are institutions with university status.
There were reputed centres of learning and culture in Kozhikode (Calicut) even in the early and medieval periods. Under the rule of the enlightened Zamorins, it became famous all over South India as a rendezvous of scholars and men of learning.
There are two routes available to Bangalore. One is Kozhikode (Calicut)–Gundlupet–Mysore–Bangalore; this road is most preferred one but is very busy. Another route, less used, is Kozhikode (Calicut)–Gundlupet–Chamarajanagar–Kollegal–Bangalore.
Abdur Razzak (1442–43) the ambassador of Persian Emperor Sha-Rohk finds the city harbour perfectly secured and notices precious articles from several maritime countries especially from Abyssinia, Zirbad and Zanzibar.
Canoly Canal was built in 1848 to connect the Korapuzha river in the north to Kallayi river in the south. It functions as a drain to reduce flooding in the city during the rainy season and as a navigation channel.
Many famous diplomats and politicians are also belongs to this district. Among them are V.K. Krishna Menon, C. H. Muhammed Koya, K. Kelappan, K.P. Kesava Menon, P.P. Ummer Koya, M. K. Muneer, and K. Muraleedharan.
Private tour operators maintain regular luxury bus services to Mumbai, Bangalore, Coimbatore, Chennai, Ernakulam, Trivandrum, Ooty etc. and mainly operate from the Palayam area. These are usually night services.
SH 29 passes through the city. It connects NH 212, Malabar Christian College, civil station, Kunnamangalam and also Padanilam, Thamarassery, Chellot, Chitragiri and Road to Gudallor from Kerala border.
SH 54 is connecting city and Kalpetta. The highway is 99.0 kilometres (61.5 mi) long. The highway passes through Puthiyangadi, Ulliyeri, Perambra, Poozhithodu, Peruvannamuzhi and Padinjarethara.
SH 28 is the Kerala section of highway connecting Kozhikode (Calicut) and Gudalur near Ooty. The highway is 103.6 kilometres (64.4 mi) long. It passes through important towns like Manjeri and Nilambur.
The Thiyyas formed the vaidyars(Physicians), local militia and traders of Kozhikode (Calicut). Several aristocratic thiyya families such as ‘Kallingal madom’ were settled in and around the city.
Kozhikode (Calicut) corporation has four assembly constituencies — Kozhikode (Calicut) North, Kozhikode (Calicut) South, Beypore and Elathur — all of which are part of Kozhikode (Calicut) (Lok Sabha constituency).
On June 7, 2012, Calicut was given the tag of “City of Sculptures” (Shilpa Nagaram) because of the various architectural sculptures located in various parts of the city.
Kozhikode (Calicut) has been a multi-ethnic and multi-religious town since the early medieval period. Hindus form the largest religious group, followed by Muslims and Christians.
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