Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) city contains the largest number of theaters in Kerala. There are over 18 cinema halls which screen films in Malayalam, Tamil, English and Hindi. There are also two film studios in the city—Chithranjali and Merryland. The Kinfra Film and Video Park, located near the Technopark, is one of the most advanced film and animation production centres in India. Leading firms like Prasad Labs have set up their facilities here. The International Film Festival of Kerala (IFFK) is held in November/December every year and is acknowledged as one of the leading events of its kind in India.
Commercial activity is low mainly due to the underdevelopment of ports. However, this is expected to change with the construction of the Deep Water Container Transshipment Port at Vizhinjam. Situated close to the city, Vizhinjam is very close to international shipping routes and the east-west shipping axis and hardly require maintenance dredging. Other major organizations of economic interest are the BrahMos Aerospace, Chithranjali Film Complex, Kinfra Apparel Park, Kinfra Film and Video Park, Kerala Hitech Industries (KELTECH), Kerala Automobiles Limited and the English Indian Clays Ltd.
With the end of the British rule in 1947, Travancore chose to join the Indian union. The first popular ministry headed by Pattom Thanu Pillai was installed in office on 24 March 1948. In 1949, Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) became the capital of Thiru-Kochi, the state formed by the integration of Travancore with its northern neighbour Kochi. The king of Travancore, Chitra Thirunal Bala Rama Varma, became the Rajpramukh of the Travancore-Cochin Union from 1 July 1949 until 31 October 1956. When the state of Kerala was formed on 1 November 1956, Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) became its capital.
8.5°N 76.9°E on the west coast, near the southern tip of mainland India. The city situated on the west coast of India, and is bounded by Arabian Sea to its west and the Western Ghats to its east. The city spans an area of 214.86 km2 (82.96 sq mi) and the greater metropolitan area spans an area of 250 km2 (96.53 sq mi). The average elevation of the city is 16 ft (4.9 m) above sea level. The Geological Survey of India has identified Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) as a moderately earthquake-prone urban centre and categorized the city in the Seismic III Zone.
The most popular games are Football and Cricket. Basketball, Badminton and Volleyball are also popular, mostly in schools. The Kerala Cricket Association (KCA) is headquartered in Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum). The HQ complex of KCA, has advance facilities including two practice turfs with nets, bowling machines, gymnasium with multi-gym and equipment for aerobic training, lecture hall and library, an astro-turf indoor coaching facility, fully furnished accommodation for coaches and players, a physiotherapy clinic, functional office facilities and guest rooms.
Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) is an ancient region with trading traditions dating back to 1000 BCE. It is believed that the ships of King Solomon landed in a port called Ophir (now Poovar) in Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) in 1036 BCE. The city was the trading post of spices, sandalwood and ivory. However, the ancient political and cultural history of the city was almost entirely independent from that of the rest of Kerala. The early rulers of the city were the Ays. With their fall in the 10th century, the city was taken over by the rulers of Venad.
The work on infrastructure development for the Deep Water Container Trans-shipment Port at Vizhinjam has begun, which is expected to be completed within one year and the work on the terminal is to begin within a year. It is to be built in three phases, and expected to be a key competitor in the ports business (especially for container transshipment), with the international shipping lanes between Europe and the Far East lying very close to the port, and also with major ports like Colombo, Kochi and Tuticorin in close proximity.
The early 20th century was an age of tremendous political and social changes in the city. The Sree Moolam Assembly, established in 1904, was the first democratically elected legislative council in any Indian state. Despite not being under direct control of the British Empire at any time, the city featured prominently in India’s freedom struggle. The Indian National Congress had a very active presence in Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum). A meeting of the Indian National Congress presided by Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramaiah was held here in 1938.
The city is administered by the Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) Corporation which headed by the Mayor and is responsible for the overall, supervision and control of the administrative functions of the Municipal Corporation. The city council is democratically elected and comprises 100 members representing the different city wards. Several agencies work under or in partnership with the Corporation including the Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) Development Authority (TRIDA) and Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) Road Development Company Limited (TRDCL).
The city is fully electrified by Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB). The district is divided into three circles: Transmission circle, Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) city and Kattakkada. Domestic consumers account for 43% of the total power consumption, or 90 million units per month. Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) district has one 220 kV, nine 110 kV and six 66 kV electrical substations. A 400 kV substation has just been commissioned by the Power Grid Corporation and will ensure high-quality power supply to the city.
The citizens of Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) are sometimes referred to as “Trivandrumites” by some tourism sites and blogging community, though the term is not in common use. The cultural background of Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) originates from the efforts of the rulers of erstwhile Travancore, who took an active interest in the development of arts and culture. Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) has produced several great artists, the most famous ones being Maharaja Swathi Thirunal, Irayimman Thampi and Raja Ravi Varma.
The Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) Municipality came into existence in 1920. The municipality was converted into a Corporation on 30 October 1940, during the period of Chitra Thirunal Bala Rama Varma, who took over in 1931. The city witnessed many-sided progress during his period. The promulgation of “Temple Entry Proclamation” (1936) was an act that underlined social emancipation. This era also saw the establishment of the University of Travancore in 1937, which later became Kerala University.
The Kariavattom Outdoor Stadium, is an upcoming cricket/football stadium in Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum).It is the first stadium in the country coming up on DBOT (Design-Build- Operate and Transfer) basis. It is also the first stadium in the country to be developed on annuity mode. It is the proposed venue for the opening/closing ceremonies of the 35th National Games to be held in Kerala. The playing arena in the stadium will be constructed in line with FIFA regulations and ICC norms.
The eponymous Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple circled by the East Fort is at the center of a busy shopping hub of the city. The temple attracts millions of visitors every year. Visitors are required to adhere to special dress code before entering the temple. Recent court battle challenges the custodianship of the Royal family over the temple. The controversy centers on the estimated properties of over $20 billion housed in the vaults of the temple.
The exponential growth of the services and IT-based sectors coupled with its prominence as the state capital and tourist center has caused considerable strain on the transport infrastructure of the city. To ease the strain, several construction projects are underway and completed including the construction of flyovers and under passes. In the first phase, 42 km of six-lane and four-lane dual carriage ways are being built.
Being the Indian city with the closest air link to the small island nation of Maldives and also Sri Lanka, the city’s medical and health infrastructure caters to the needs of the patients from both countries, especially Maldives. Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) also provides a key link in the movement of goods and passengers to and from southern parts of Tamil Nadu into Kerala, the state border being just 30 km away from the city centre.
With the establishment of Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) in 1962, Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) became the cradle of India’s ambitious space programme. The first Indian space rocket was developed and launched from the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) in the outskirts of the city in 1963. Several establishments of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) were later established in Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum).
The economy of Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) city was earlier based on the tertiary sector with about 60% of the workforce being employed as government servants. Large-scale industrial establishments are low compared to other south Indian state capitals like Bangalore and Chennai. Currently the economy is growing with the contributions from more professionals in the fields of IT, and Medical/Bio-Technology.
The water supply schemes cover 100% within the city limits. It is 84% of the urban and 69% of the rural population, when the district is considered. Peppara and Aruvikkara dams are the main sources of water for distribution in the capital city. The new project plan for improving the water supply with Japanese aid covers Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) city and six suburban panchayats having urban characteristics.
A major milestone in the city’s recent history was the establishment of Technopark—India’s first IT park—in 1995. Technopark has developed into the largest IT park in India in geographical area, employing around 40,000 people in 300 companies. This placed Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) on the IT map of India: It is one of the most promising in the country in terms of competitiveness and capability.
Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) was listed as one of the top 10 cites in India on Vibrancy Index and Consumption Index by a study conducted by global financial services firm Morgan Stanley. The opening of many private television channels in the state made Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) the home of several studios and related industries. India’s first animation park Kinfra Film and Video Park is situated here.
There are around 20 government owned and 60 privately owned medium and large-scale industrial units in Thiruvanathapuram. The major employers are the KSIDC, Milma, Keltron, VSSC, ISRO LPSC, Travancore Titanium and Hindustan Latex, all government owned. There are also about 30,000 small scale industrial units employing around 115,000 people. Traditional industries include handloom and coir.
Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) has numerous libraries, the prominent ones being the State Central Library (Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) Public library, Est. 1829), the University Library, Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) Children’s Library, Manuscripts Library and the Centre for Development Studies Library. The British Library (Est. 1964) was located very near to the Government Secretariat adjacent to the YMCA Hostel.
Hindus comprise 65% of the population, Christians are about 18% of the population, and Muslims are about 15% of the populace. The remaining 2% of the population practice other religions. The major language spoken is Malayalam. English, Tamil, and Hindi are also widely understood. There is also a prominent minority of Tamil speakers and a few Tulu and Konkani speakers.
All India Radio has an AM (1161 MHz) and an FM (Ananthapuri FM; 101.9 MHz) station for the city. FM radio channels broadcast from Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) are Ananthapuri FM (AIR) 101.9 MHz, Gyanvani from IGNOU 105.6 MHz, Big FM 92.7 MHz, Club FM 94.3 MHz, Radio Mirchi 98.3 MHz, Red FM 93.5 MHz and Radio DC(Low power CRS) 90.4 MHz.
Daily newspapers are available in English, Malayalam and Tamil. The English newspapers with editions from Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) are The New Indian Express, The Hindu, The Deccan Chronicle and The Times of India. The major Malayalam newspapers are Mathrubhumi, Malayala Manorama, Kerala Kaumudi, Deshabhimani, Janmabhumi, Keralakaumudi Flash and Madhyamam.
The NH-47, which runs from Salem to Kanyakumari, passes through the city. It connects important southern cities such as Coimbatore and Salem in north direction and Nagercoil in south direction. The Main Central Road (MC Road) which is an arterial State Highway in Kerala and designated as SH 1 starts from NH-47 at Kesavadasapuram in the city.
In October 2010, the area of the city was increased from 86 wards to 100 wards by adding Sreekaryam, Vattiyoorkavu, Kudappanakunnu, Vizhinjam and Kazhakuttam panchayats into the corporation. The city has now an area of 214.86 km² and a population of 957,730 inhabitants with 467,739 males and 489,991 females.
The city has a population of 752,490 according to the 2011 census, and 1,687,406 in the Urban Agglomeration. Within the city, the density of population is about 5,284 people per square kilometer. There are more women in Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) than men; the sex ratio is 1,064 females to every 1,000 males.
Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) is the headquarters of the Southern Air Command (SAC) of the Indian Air Force. Being the largest city in India’s deep south, it is important for both military logistics and civil aviation in the southernmost part of the country. Shown here is the Technical area of the Air command.
The state legislative assembly and Secretariat are located here as Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) is the capital of Kerala. The city is also the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) district. The foreign missions in the city are the Consulate of Maldives and Honorary Consulate of Russia.
Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) Monorail is a proposed monorail system for the city. The monorail is from Pallippuram to Neyyattinkara and will have a length of 41.8 kilometres (26.0 mi). 35 stops have been proposed with multi-storeyed parking lots in the stations.
The general cuisine of the people is Keralite cuisine, which is characterised by an abundance of coconut and spices. Other South Indian cuisines, as well as Chinese and North Indian cuisines are popular. Fast food culture is also very prominent in the city.
This apparent paradox—high human development and low economic development—is visible in the entire state of Kerala, and is often dubbed as the Kerala phenomenon or the Kerala model of development.
There is also a recent plea to reinstate a bench of the Kerala High Court at Ernakulam (Kochi) in the city which was earlier cancelled in 1957 due to setting up of the High Court of Kerala at Kochi.
Kanyakumari, Thiruvattar, Padmanabhapuram Palace and Tirpparappu waterfalls, are also near the city, in the adjoining Kanyakumari District (Nagercoil), in the state of Tamil Nadu.
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